UTILIZATION OF SPECTRAL VELOCITY OF FLEXURAL WAVES TO DETECT LOOSE SLEEPERS

UTILIZATION OF SPECTRAL VELOCITY OF FLEXURAL WAVES TO DETECT LOOSE SLEEPERS

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The identification of a loose sleeper is important for the operation and safety of a railway system because the excessive movement of BABY WASH CLAMING LAVENDER a loose railway sleeper can cause derailment and passenger discomfort.There are available methods on how to detect a loose sleeper, such as: 1) a method using a conventional approach based on human judgement and experience, which is not advisable if the researcher is a beginner; 2) Fixed Post method, wherein a fixed post with displacement sensor is installed in a ballast, which is not reliable because vibration of a sleeper during train passage might affect the results from this test; and 3) Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods, which include the use of Light Falling Weight Deflectometer (LFWD) and line scan camera, both of which are, however, expensive to use for a routine testing technique.In this paper, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed to set the criteria Dining Table for the loose sleepers.Impulse Response (IR) Method was used on an actual site.The spectral velocity of flexural waves and mobility function from the impulse response test were proposed to investigate the quality of a railway sleeper.